Holby City

How representations of gender are created using cinematography, editing, sound and mise-en-scene for Holby City?

The scene opens with an aerial shot that is tilted, indicating to the audience that something is about to go wrong. This negative first impression is backed up by the dark, sombre lighting. In the opening scene, the sound is completely diegetic, making the situation seem realistic and empty. It also means we concentrate fully on the dialogue instead of be distracted by catchy music.  The first scene turns the common representations of men upside-down. We are shown a surgeon dressed in pink, immediately indicating to the audience that he contains feminine qualities, due to the connotations of pink representing women. He says "you’re dumped, you were a huge mistake" and "I don't ever want to see you again”. Phrases typically associated with women breaking up with men.   He seems very well groomed, even more so than the woman, giving his character more feminine aesthetic qualities. The woman speaks much less than the man, turning the stereo type that women speak more than men upside down. She is quieter and being spoken down to, showing she has less status at this point. In the next scene, the same  lady is shown to be crying on the phone. An arial shot is used to make her seem small and insignificant. She is sobbing and asking for her "daddy", this is a very common representation of daughters, "daddy's girls".

 The second scene displays a much more stereo typical male as he introduces himself with a handshake then later goes on to swing a punch. He is dressed in black and blue, typically men’s colours. He is confident and dominating trying to appear to be the alpha male in the situation. He is shot in Low Angle to re-enforce the powerful, confident impression that he hopes to make. It is clear to the audience that this is all an act, as he is truly hopeless at this situation, for example he throws a punch and misses hopelessly. Reaction shot reaction is used between the man and the patient in the bed to build the enigma that he is trying desperately to attract her.  

The scene when the two men discuss broken bones is very interesting. The topic of conversation is highly typical of men, for they are trying to top stories over who has had the worst injury. However they are discussing this in a very intimate way. The camera uses lots of close-ups to try keep the scene intimate and to build the sexual tension. The sound continues to be completely diegetic, which builds the sexual tension almost making the scene seem awkward to the audience. After this completely different representation of gender, we are thrown back into viewing stereo types, as two glamorous girls walk down the corridor. Mise-en-scene is used to show their femininity as they are dressed in very girly outfits, and the lighting behind them appears to be a shade of pink. The sound of effect of them walking has been increased in volume, to show that they are wearing high heels.

 The next scene shows romance between a man and a woman. She is lying down showing she is off less status. The camera often begins as a mid shot then zooms into a close up as the lady begins to smile at the man. This symbolises her getting closer with the man. The lighting is pleasant and bright, showing a hopeful future.

The slightly feminine man at the beginning re enters however this time he appears to be much manlier. He is shown confronting his problems and taking responsibilities for them. A low angle shot is used showing him to one of dominance. Overall the clip both challenges and follows typical representations of gender.

Holby City

Male Representation

The lighting is soft and gentle, both common conventions of women.
Immediately common conventions of males are challanged as the man is wearing a pink shirt, which is traditionally a womans colour.
 He says "your dumped, you were a huge mistake" and "I don't ever want to see you again" . Phrases typically associated with women breaking up with men. 
He seems very well groomed, even more so than the woman, giving his character more femenine asthetic qulities.
The other man fits in much more with the common stereo type of men. He is wearing masculine colours as is more pyscial, doing things like resorting to pysical aggresion.


Female Representation
The first woman, speaks much less than the man, turning the reperesentation that women speak more than men upside down.
The second woman is lying down, showing she has less status than the man.

Editing: The editing is linear and mid paced, showing it takes a neutral position between both genders.

Iconography

A room from a council estate is shown, and iconography is used to show this is a rough area. We can see this from the graffiti in the background, on top of the moulded grey wall. We can also establish the bad character from his costume. He is wearing a tracksuit and gold chain necklace, which is associated with dangerous youths. Unlike the honest police officer, who is wearing his uniform smartly showing he is a person of authority. The mugger has a beard, showing a scruffy, hidden identity about him. The police officers top button is underdone and is wearing short sleeves, perhaps indicating he’s open with society without anything to hide, contrasting with the villain who is fully covered in clothing. 

Spooks

Discuss the ways in which the extract constructs the representation of ethnicity using the following

• camera shots
• angles
• movement and composition
• editing 
• sound
• mise en scene

The clip opens with the terrorist leader pacing around the two hostages. The non diegetic music is sombre and dismal, setting the tone for the scene and also indicating the terrorist is a dark evil man. He has authority which is shown through the low angle shots of him. The authority of the ethic man, challenges common representations of foreigners, for he is calling the shots in this scene, not the British agents. The shaky camera movements build the tense atmosphere in the scene, and represent the nerves of the British agents. The editing is linear and in this moment reaction-shot-reaction is used which raises the tension in the scene. The  mise-en-scene also adds to the atmosphere as we can see, there is an empty room, with dark old furniture and gloomy decoration, this blends with the sound and editing to make the scene more intense. Thus making the terrorist and his ethnicity, seem intimidating and dangerous, however later on in the clip this seems to change. As the scene progresses, so does the tension as the level of danger increases. The Iraqi man produces a photo in which shatters' the agent's confidence as well as her chances of negotiation. This is shown through the loud bass effects and a flash of white. This makes the audience alert and scared, adding to their negative relationship with the terrorist. One of the terrorists is seen grabbing an agent. He is large and muscular, going against the typical stereotypes of middle easterns: thin and small. A mix of close-ups and mid-shots are used when filming the sidekick, making the audience grow in fear of him as he is shown on an intimate level. The sidekick terrorist is dressed completely in black, giving him connotations of evil and darkness. We see the agent reading a script in front of the camera. Again shot-reaction-shot is used along with many close ups to make the scene more personal and intense.

The sound continues to be seedy and negative, however the atmosphere changes. The terrorist man reveals more human qualities as he lists the damage that the British forces have done. His voice is trembling and he appears emotionally wounded. This goes against common conventions of terrorists as they are often seen as merciless killers. One of the British agents is black, he is shown to be sharp and intelligent being in an important job, going against typical representations of foreigners being in less important jobs. He is also dressed smartly and speaks properly. He is shown to be a leader as he stands up to the two terrorists; this challenges common representations of foreigners being in the background. The shaky camera still continues throughout the scene, reflection the both the fear of the agents and the stressed nature of the terrorist. However later on in the clip, the non-diegetic music instead of being powerful and villainous presents much more of a sad tone, revealing all the damage that has been done in the past between the two countries. This takes away some of the evil that the terrorist has, showing him to be hurt and venerable.

The room is extremely dark, with harsh bright lighting seeping through the windows. This could represent that the television show is shinning a light on stereotypical represented ethic groups, showing a much more realistic account. Although the terrorist and his companion go against many typical representations of their ethnic race, the most common one still stands. That is that they are from Iraq and they are terrorist. Being from the Middle East comes with common prejudice of being a terrorist.

TV Drama Essay

Discuss the ways in which the extract constructs representations of ethnicity using the following:

camera shots/angles/movements
lighting
sound
mise en scene
editing



Hotel Babylon is a TV drama in which showcases a range of different ethic groups. It often shows the ethnicity in a conventional manner showing the audience the stereotypes that the public are all so used to. However the programme just as frequently challenges the common conventions of ethnic groups, portraying three dimensional characters containing qualities that go strongly against their stereo type.

This is shown straight away in the first scene. We see a black man rushing around, serving others around the hotel. He smartly dressed and speaks with polite English accent. This challenges the conventional stereotypes of black men (relaxed and laid back). When he confronts his friend, the audience are shown two representations of black men, the new form as just mentioned, and the classic stereotype (slang language, dreadlocks and informal dress). The new stereotype (the manager) is shot with a slight low-angle. This represents him in a positive light, showing that the new representation of ethnic is the true one and has authority over the old one, represented by the man in the swimming pool, who is interestingly shot at eye level.

We are then shown a scene of eastern European maids, performing a strip to a customer. We know the scene will be seedy and sexualised, by the sinister diegetic music, which opens the scene. This represents the maids and thus polish people as those who will do anything for money. Once in the room, we are shown a wide shot of a Japanese man and there is a cut straight away to  close-up shot of money. This tells us that the man is wealthy and represents the common stereotype of Japanese men which is that they're rich, the close up also mimics how important the cash is to the maids. High key lighting is also used in this scene, perhaps indicating that it is revealing the seedy nature of both nationalities.

We next see a Chinese lady rushing around running errands. A tracking shot is used to help the audience relate to her frantic organising. This represents her nationality as hard working and dedicated to their job. Dark lighting is used in this scene to mirror the ladies disappointment of the running of her business, representing the high standards that her ethic group upholds.

Finally we see a confrontation between an Italian and British man. The Italian is dressed in black, perhaps showing him to be the antagonist in this scene. He has a fiery temper, which is mimicked by the fast cutting within the scene. The mise-en-scene is important here as the manic kitchen, adds to the intensity of the scene. The Italians aggressive nature is stereotypical and thus easily identifiable to the audience. Although he is smaller, he has authority over the Englishman, challenging the idea that in a workplace only the English have the more important jobs and authority.

Overall the clip showcases a variety of ethic groups, which both challenge and conform to their individual conventional representations.

Analysis of The Only Way is Essex title sequence

With the "TOWIE" title sequence viewers are immediately drawn into the program and are made aware of the style and sub genre straight away. For a start is done with lighting. Presumably the majority of the effects, such as the light streaks and sparkles, high key lighting is also clearly present. This lighting gives connotations of happiness and joy, telling the audience what they're about to watch will make them feel good. This is important, as one of the reasons title sequences are included is to hook the audience in the hope that they will continue watching the program.

A cheesy pop song (The Only Way is Up) is as the music for the title sequence. It blends nicely with the overdone lighting and hints to the audience a sense of falseness much like the story/ characters within the show. The main lyrics are the same as the program title (The Only Way Is...) , this establishes the show as a brand in which will be easily recognizable and identifiable to the audiences simply when they hear that song. The music sets the exciting tone of the program in which the cast member appear in sync to the rhythm. This makes the sequence flow better.

MS and CU are the main shots used. One of things they do is that they show a CU they then jump cut to MS. This makes the sequence more exciting and more playful, both features in which show hopes to present. In the mise-en-scene , with each character we are shown clips of luxury items (cars, watches, champagne etc). This tells the audience the people featured are rich.

The whole sequence is cheesy and tacky, yet establishes its sub genre and tone very clearly to the audience. We can easily assume the show is low cultured.

TV Drama- Crime

The Sopranos is an American television drama which is situated in the sub-genre of crime. The Sopranos is very unique, this is because the commotion convention of the crime genre is that it is from the perspective from the police (FBI,CIA etc.) and their constant battle for good over evil. In the Sopranos we see it from the criminals perspective and eventually sympathise and connect with the characters despite their wrong doings. In this scene the  main character "Tony" is chasing "Phil". The first shot is a close up of Tony driving and smoking, this instantly establishes him to the audience as a gangster due to the conventions of cigars. We have a POV shot showing the target from Tony's perspective, this helps the audience understand his objectives. Tony is listening to the radio in the car, so the music is diegetic. It cleverly is used to the effect of non diegetic sound, as it provides pacing and sets the tone for the chase. The scene is quite intimate as it sticks to close ups and mid shots. Although its daylight outside, the lighting is dark and mysterious mirroring the deeds that our committed by Tony, including the one he is about to commit.

CSI: Miami


From this clip of 'CSI Miami' we see a chase scene. The clip is conventional because it starts off with an arial shot (establishing). This automatically draws in the audience and tells them the location of the scene. The audience's interested is instantly captivated as it jumps straight to a point of view shot, another common convention of the crime drama. Having the point of view from the shot of the police officers we can automatically come to a decision of which side we are going to take as the viewers. Bright lighting and day light set scene, perhaps mirroring the intensions of the police. Creating a connotation of the police officers feeling and intensions, showing them in an overall good light. Fast camera movements and cuttings are used regularly in the crime chase scene to build and sustain tension and pace out the scene efficiently. Use of diegetic sounds are used in a natural way to build a strong realistic belief and connotate to the audience the feelings and location surroundings of the scene. The scene builds to the climax in which the audience have worked up a state of panic. Good prevails and the criminal caught bring relief to both the characters and the audience. This shows the clip successfully builds a relationship with the audience.


The Bill (Harrison Payne)


From this chase clip on 'The Bill' we see a range of different camera shots and angles to produce a sufficent 'quick' chase. The scene starts with an ariel shot and carries on medium, long and close shots after. The shot variety is needed to show exactly what is happening within the scene but also ment to speed up the chase and build tension. In classic crime Tv drama's this is a very common thing to do. By having multiple shots at different angles the camera speed is intense and therefore builds tension along with a fast moving scene.
Typically in crime drama's there is also the character split of good and bad. We can see this in this scene through the use of costume, the police are wearing typical uniform where as the thug is wearing a black hoodie. The use of hiding the culprits identity is used alot in crime drama's also.